All submitted manuscripts will undergo a rigorous initial screening for originality before being sent for the peer-review process. The editorial team uses similarity-checking software, primarily Turnitin or iThenticate, to measure the similarity index of the submitted manuscripts against previously published works and internet sources.

The maximum acceptable similarity index for a manuscript submitted to this journal is 20%. Please note that when checking the similarity, the following elements are excluded:

• Bibliography / References
• Properly quoted texts (enclosed in quotation marks)
• Standard definitions, institutional names, and common academic phrases

• If a manuscript shows a similarity index between 21% and 30%, it will be returned to the author(s) for immediate revision and paraphrasing before the peer-review process can begin.
• If a manuscript shows a similarity index of more than 30%, or if clear evidence of intentional plagiarism/data fabrication is found, the submission will be rejected outright.
• If plagiarism is proven after an article has been published, the journal reserves the right to formally retract the paper and publish a retraction notice.