Dialektika Hukum dan Budaya: Kritik Metodologis dan Resistensi Sosial terhadap Fatwa Zakat Uang Belanja Pernikahan Bugis
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Abstract
Background: The enforcement of local religious fatwas concerning contemporary financial objects often triggers a complex dialectic between doctrinal purity and cultural practices. This paper contextualizes the Indonesian fatwa landscape by examining how regional authorities expand the scope of wealth purification (zakat) into traditional marital customary payments, creating a unique socio-legal dilemma within the intersection of Islamic jurisprudence and local customs.
Purpose: This study aims to critically analyze the methodological formulation (istinbath al-ahkam) of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) of Barru Regency Fatwa No. 04 of 2017 concerning Zakat on Marital Budget (Uai Leko/Duit Menre), its empirical societal resistance, and whether its legal construction satisfies the principles of Maqasid Shari'ah.
Methods: A qualitative empirical-yuridis (socio-legal) approach is employed, combining conceptual and legal-sociological approaches. The study systematically analyzes the fatwa documents, statutory regulations, BAZNAS statistical archives, and primary data gathered through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). The informants include the Chairman of the MUI Fatwa Commission, BAZNAS leaders, and Heads of Religious Affairs Offices (KUA) across Barru Regency, selected via purposive sampling to evaluate both legal reasoning and implementation dynamics.
Results: The findings indicate that the methodological framework of the fatwa exhibits an ijtihad progression but suffers from an unsound legal analogy (qiyas ma'al fariq) by equating a short-term, consumptive marital budget with classic objects of zakat. Socio-legally, the fatwa experiences latent cultural resistance and passive non-compliance from the Bugis community due to the heavy inflation of customary wedding expenses and the distortion of absolute ownership (milk al-tam) and time-possession (haul) requirements. Viewed through Maqasid Shari'ah, the current top-down enforcement creates financial harm (mafsadah) to newly established families rather than achieving macro-welfare benefits.
Implication: This study proposes a structured legal reconstruction model that modifies the zakat calculation from gross (bruto) to net (netto) values after deducting wedding debts, reinstates the haul requirement, and isolates the funds into a dedicated marital welfare program. Furthermore, it advocates for a collaborative regulation framework with local governments to shift enforcement from coercive administrative measures to persuasive pre-marital financial literacy.
Originality: This study introduces a dual jurisprudential perspective that integrates ushul fiqh critique with empirical socio-legal analysis of regional fatwas. Unlike previous research that treats local fatwas as fixed doctrinal texts, this study critically examines how classical zakat prerequisites are contested when applied to customary wealth, offering a novel synthesis formula to reconcile Islamic law, clerical authority, and indigenous traditions.
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